Unidades del Curso

Reglas

• I → am + verbo‑ing
• He / She / It → is + verbo‑ing
• You / We / They → are + verbo‑ing
• Negativa → am/is/are + not + verbo‑ing
• Pregunta → Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo‑ing?

Ejemplos

• I am studying English right now.
• She is cooking dinner.
• They are playing football in the park.
• We are not watching TV.
• Are you listening to me?

Vocabulario útil

• now — ahora
• at the moment — en este momento
• today — hoy
• this week — esta semana
• right now — justo ahora

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Present Continuous:

1. She ______ (read) a book.
2. They ______ (not / study) now.
3. I ______ (cook) dinner.
4. We ______ (watch) a movie.
5. ______ you ______ (listen) to music?

B) Describe la imagen (imaginaria):

Usa 3 frases en Present Continuous.

Soluciones

A) 1. is reading — 2. aren’t studying — 3. am cooking — 4. are watching — 5. Are / listening

B) Respuestas abiertas (ej.: “She is smiling”, “They are talking”).

Diálogo

A: What are you doing?
B: I’m studying English.
A: Really? I’m watching a series.
B: Lucky you!

Notas útiles

• Los verbos de estado (like, love, know, want…) NO usan -ing.
• Se usa mucho para acciones temporales.
• Para planes futuros → “I’m meeting my friend tomorrow”.

Reglas

• Regulares: verbo + -ed (walk → walked)
• Irregulares: forma especial (go → went)
• Negativa → did not + verbo base
• Pregunta → Did + sujeto + verbo base?
• Con “to be”: was / were (sin did)

Ejemplos

• I visited my grandparents yesterday.
• She watched a movie last night.
• They went to London in 2020.
• He didn’t eat breakfast.
• Did you study for the exam?

Vocabulario útil

• yesterday — ayer
• last night — anoche
• last week — la semana pasada
• ago — hace
• in 2010 — en 2010

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Past Simple:

1. They ______ (visit) the museum.
2. She ______ (not / go) to work.
3. I ______ (eat) pasta yesterday.
4. We ______ (watch) a film.
5. ______ you ______ (see) the match?

B) Cambia a negativa:

6. He played tennis.
7. They went to Paris.

Soluciones

A) 1. visited — 2. didn’t go — 3. ate — 4. watched — 5. Did / see

B) 6. He didn’t play tennis — 7. They didn’t go to Paris

Diálogo

A: What did you do yesterday?
B: I went to the cinema.
A: Nice! What movie did you watch?
B: I watched an action film.

Notas útiles

• “Did” siempre va con el verbo base.
• Los irregulares deben memorizarse.
• “Was/Were” no usa “did”.
• Palabras clave: yesterday, last…, ago.

Reglas

• I / He / She / It → was + verbo‑ing
• You / We / They → were + verbo‑ing
• Negativa → was/were + not + verbo‑ing
• Pregunta → Was/Were + sujeto + verbo‑ing?
• Se combina mucho con Past Simple.

Ejemplos

• I was studying at 8 pm.
• They were playing football when it started to rain.
• She wasn’t listening to the teacher.
• Were you sleeping?
• We were having dinner when the phone rang.

Vocabulario útil

• while — mientras
• when — cuando
• at that moment — en ese momento
• all evening — toda la tarde/noche
• suddenly — de repente

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Past Continuous:

1. She ______ (cook) when I arrived.
2. They ______ (not / watch) TV.
3. I ______ (walk) to work at 9 am.
4. We ______ (study) all evening.
5. ______ you ______ (sleep) at midnight?

B) Combina Past Simple + Past Continuous:

6. I ______ (drive) when I ______ (see) the accident.
7. They ______ (play) football when it ______ (start) to rain.

Soluciones

A) 1. was cooking — 2. weren’t watching — 3. was walking — 4. were studying — 5. Were / sleeping

B) 6. was driving / saw — 7. were playing / started

Diálogo

A: What were you doing yesterday at 10?
B: I was working.
A: Really? I was watching TV at that time.
B: Lucky you!

Notas útiles

• “When” introduce la acción corta (Past Simple).
• “While” introduce la acción larga (Past Continuous).
• Se usa para dar contexto en historias.
• Muy común en descripciones de escenas.

Reglas

• Afirmativa → sujeto + will + verbo
• Negativa → sujeto + will not (won’t) + verbo
• Pregunta → Will + sujeto + verbo?
• No lleva “to” (incorrecto: “will to go”)
• Se usa para decisiones en el momento

Ejemplos

• I will call you later.
• She will travel to London next year.
• They won’t come to the party.
• Will you help me?
• Don’t worry, it will be fine.

Vocabulario útil

• tomorrow — mañana
• next week — la semana que viene
• later — más tarde
• soon — pronto
• in the future — en el futuro

Ejercicios

A) Completa con WILL:

1. She ______ (call) you tomorrow.
2. I ______ (not / go) to the party.
3. We ______ (help) you.
4. They ______ (travel) next year.
5. ______ you ______ (come) with us?

B) Escribe 3 predicciones sobre tu futuro:

Usa “will”.

Soluciones

A) 1. will call — 2. won’t go — 3. will help — 4. will travel — 5. Will / come

B) Respuestas abiertas (ej.: “I will buy a new car”).

Diálogo

A: What will you do this weekend?
B: I’ll visit my family.
A: Nice! I think I’ll stay at home.
B: That sounds relaxing.

Notas útiles

• “Will” no cambia con ninguna persona.
• “Won’t” es la forma negativa más común.
• Se usa para promesas: “I’ll help you”.
• Se usa para predicciones sin evidencia.

Reglas

• I am going to + verbo
• He/She/It is going to + verbo
• You/We/They are going to + verbo
• Negativa → am/is/are + not + going to + verbo
• Pregunta → Am/Is/Are + sujeto + going to + verbo?

Ejemplos

• I’m going to study tonight.
• She’s going to buy a new phone.
• They’re going to travel next month.
• We aren’t going to cook today.
• Are you going to watch the match?

Vocabulario útil

• plan — plan
• decision — decisión
• intention — intención
• prediction — predicción
• evidence — evidencia

Ejercicios

A) Completa con “going to”:

1. She ______ (visit) her parents tomorrow.
2. I ______ (not / study) tonight.
3. They ______ (buy) a new car.
4. We ______ (cook) dinner.
5. ______ you ______ (travel) this summer?

B) Escribe 3 planes futuros:

Usa “going to”.

Soluciones

A) 1. is going to visit — 2. am not going to study — 3. are going to buy — 4. are going to cook — 5. Are / going to travel

B) Respuestas abiertas (ej.: “I’m going to learn English”).

Diálogo

A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: I’m going to clean my room.
A: Really? I’m going to meet some friends.
B: Sounds fun!

Notas útiles

• “Going to” se usa para planes reales, no decisiones espontáneas.
• Se usa para predicciones con evidencia: “Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.”
• Muy común en conversaciones informales.

Reglas

• Adjetivos cortos: tall → taller / the tallest
• Adjetivos largos: expensive → more expensive / the most expensive
• Irregulares: good → better / the best
• Comparativo → adjetivo + “than”
• Superlativo → “the” + adjetivo

Ejemplos

• My house is bigger than yours.
• This phone is more expensive.
• She is the tallest in the class.
• He is better at English.
• This is the most interesting book.

Vocabulario útil

• big — grande
• small — pequeño
• fast — rápido
• slow — lento
• cheap — barato
• expensive — caro

Ejercicios

A) Completa con comparativos:

1. My car is ______ (fast) than yours.
2. This book is ______ (interesting) than the movie.
3. She is ______ (good) at maths.

B) Completa con superlativos:

4. He is the ______ (tall) in the team.
5. This is the ______ (expensive) phone.

Soluciones

A) 1. faster — 2. more interesting — 3. better

B) 4. tallest — 5. most expensive

Diálogo

A: Which city is bigger, Madrid or Barcelona?
B: Madrid is bigger, but Barcelona is more beautiful.
A: And which one is the best for living?
B: It depends!

Notas útiles

• Los adjetivos de una sílaba → “-er / -est”.
• Los adjetivos largos → “more / most”.
• Irregulares: good → better → best.
• Siempre usar “than” en comparativos.

Reglas

• I / You / We / They → have + participio
• He / She / It → has + participio
• Negativa → haven’t / hasn’t + participio
• Pregunta → Have / Has + sujeto + participio?
• Participios irregulares: go → gone, eat → eaten, see → seen

Ejemplos

• I have visited London.
• She has finished her homework.
• They haven’t seen that movie.
• Have you ever tried sushi?
• We have lived here for 10 years.

Vocabulario útil

• ever — alguna vez
• never — nunca
• already — ya
• yet — todavía
• just — justo ahora
• for — durante
• since — desde

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Present Perfect:

1. She ______ (finish) her work.
2. I ______ (not / see) that film.
3. They ______ (travel) to Japan.
4. We ______ (live) here since 2010.
5. ______ you ever ______ (eat) sushi?

B) Escribe 3 frases sobre experiencias:

Usa “I have…”

Soluciones

A) 1. has finished — 2. haven’t seen — 3. have traveled — 4. have lived — 5. Have / eaten

B) Respuestas abiertas (ej.: “I have visited Paris”).

Diálogo

A: Have you ever been to Italy?
B: Yes, I have. I loved it!
A: Really? I haven’t been there yet.
B: You should go someday.

Notas útiles

• “Ever” y “never” se usan para experiencias.
• “Just”, “already” y “yet” se usan para acciones recientes.
• “For” y “since” indican duración.
• No se usa con fechas exactas (para eso es Past Simple).

Reglas

• Afirmativa → sujeto + had + participio
• Negativa → sujeto + had not (hadn’t) + participio
• Pregunta → Had + sujeto + participio?
• Se usa para la acción más antigua en una secuencia
• Participios irregulares: eat → eaten, go → gone, write → written

Ejemplos

• I had finished my work before dinner.
• She hadn’t seen the movie before.
• They had left when we arrived.
• Had you studied before the exam?
• We had never visited London before 2015.

Vocabulario útil

• before — antes
• after — después
• already — ya
• never — nunca
• by the time — cuando

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Past Perfect:

1. She ______ (leave) before I arrived.
2. They ______ (not / finish) the project.
3. I ______ (eat) before the meeting.
4. We ______ (see) that film before.
5. ______ you ______ (study) before the test?

B) Ordena los eventos usando Past Perfect:

Ej.: “I arrived / he left” → He had left when I arrived.

Soluciones

A) 1. had left — 2. hadn’t finished — 3. had eaten — 4. had seen — 5. Had / studied

B) Respuestas abiertas.

Diálogo

A: Had you finished your homework before dinner?
B: Yes, I had.
A: Good! I hadn’t finished mine.
B: Don’t worry, you still have time.

Notas útiles

• Siempre se usa para la acción más antigua.
• Muy común con “before”, “after”, “when”, “by the time”.
• Solo hay una forma para todas las personas: “had”.
• Se combina mucho con Past Simple.

Reglas

• Can → habilidad / permiso
• Could → habilidad pasada / petición educada
• Must → obligación fuerte
• Should → recomendación
• Forma → modal + verbo base (sin “to”)
• Negativa → modal + not

Ejemplos

• I can swim.
• Could you help me?
• You must wear a seatbelt.
• You should study more.
• She can speak three languages.

Vocabulario útil

• ability — habilidad
• permission — permiso
• obligation — obligación
• advice — consejo
• possibility — posibilidad

Ejercicios

A) Completa con el modal correcto:

1. You ______ (should / must) do your homework.
2. ______ you ______ (can / could) help me?
3. I ______ (can / must) speak English.
4. She ______ (should / could) visit her parents.
5. You ______ (must / can) stop at the red light.

B) Escribe 3 recomendaciones usando “should”:

Soluciones

A) 1. should — 2. Could / help — 3. can — 4. should — 5. must

B) Respuestas abiertas.

Diálogo

A: Can you drive?
B: Yes, I can.
A: Should I take an umbrella?
B: Yes, you should. It might rain.

Notas útiles

• Los modales no llevan “to” (incorrecto: “can to go”).
• Todos usan el verbo base.
• “Must” es obligación fuerte; “should” es consejo.
• “Could” es más educado que “can”.

Reglas

• If + Present Simple, will + verbo
• También puede invertirse: Will + verbo + if + Present Simple
• “If” nunca va con “will”
• Se usa para consecuencias reales

Ejemplos

• If it rains, we will stay home.
• She will pass the exam if she studies.
• If you call me, I will help you.
• We won’t go out if it’s cold.
• Will you come if I invite you?

Vocabulario útil

• if — si
• unless — a menos que
• as long as — siempre que
• in case — por si
• consequence — consecuencia

Ejercicios

A) Completa con First Conditional:

1. If it ______ (rain), I will stay home.
2. She will call you if you ______ (send) a message.
3. If we ______ (not hurry), we will be late.
4. They will travel if they ______ (have) money.
5. If you study, you ______ (pass) the exam.

B) Escribe 3 frases con First Conditional:

Soluciones

A) 1. rains — 2. send — 3. don’t hurry — 4. have — 5. will pass

B) Respuestas abiertas.

Diálogo

A: What will you do if it rains tomorrow?
B: I’ll stay home and watch a movie.
A: Good idea! I’ll do the same.
B: Let’s hope it doesn’t rain.

Notas útiles

• “If” siempre va con Present Simple.
• “Will” va en la segunda parte.
• Se usa para situaciones reales o probables.
• Muy común en advertencias y promesas.

Reglas

• If + Past Simple, would + verbo
• “Would” no cambia con ninguna persona
• En condicionales, “was” suele cambiar a “were” (If I were you…)
• Se usa para situaciones irreales o muy improbables

Ejemplos

• If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
• She would buy a big house if she had money.
• If we lived near the beach, we would swim every day.
• Would you move to another country if you could?
• If he studied more, he would get better grades.

Vocabulario útil

• would — haría / sería
• hypothetical — hipotético
• unlikely — improbable
• dream — sueño
• imagine — imaginar

Ejercicios

A) Completa con Second Conditional:

1. If I ______ (have) more time, I would learn Japanese.
2. She would travel more if she ______ (be) rich.
3. If they ______ (live) in Spain, they would speak Spanish.
4. We would buy a bigger house if we ______ (earn) more money.
5. ______ you ______ (move) to another city if you could?

B) Escribe 3 frases imaginarias:

Usa “If I… would…”

Soluciones

A) 1. had — 2. were — 3. lived — 4. earned — 5. Would / move

B) Respuestas abiertas.

Diálogo

A: What would you do if you had a million euros?
B: I would travel around the world.
A: Nice! I would buy a house near the beach.
B: That sounds perfect.

Notas útiles

• “Were” se usa para todas las personas en frases hipotéticas.
• “Would” nunca va en la parte del “if”.
• Muy común para hablar de sueños y deseos.
• Se usa para situaciones irreales en el presente.